The "complement" of Vedic Mathematics refers to additional methods, techniques, or systems of mathematics that complement or expand upon the principles and practices of Vedic Mathematics. While Vedic Mathematics itself is a system of mathematical techniques derived from ancient Indian scriptures called the Vedas, there are other systems and approaches to mathematics that can be studied alongside or after Vedic Mathematics. Here are a few: Modern Mathematics: Calculus: A branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and accumulation, useful in physics, engineering, and many scientific fields. Linear Algebra: The study of vectors and linear equations, crucial in computer science, physics, and engineering. Probability and Statistics: The study of randomness, data analysis, and making predictions, essential in fields such as finance, science, and social sciences. Number Theory: The study of properties of integers and their relationships, important in cryptography, computer science, and pure mathematics.